Critical consciousness among undocumented immigrant college students: Responding to cultural stress and psychological distress
Cultural stress is experienced by undocumented students when they encounter discrimination in higher education and society. In response, undocumented students engage in critical consciousness, while simultaneously experiencing psychological distress. A conceptual model is introduced to describe the links between cultural stress, critical consciousness development, and psychological distress. Method: One hundred seventy-one undocumented college students were …